ETH Upgrades & L2 Fees: Keeping Transactions Affordable

Ethereum’s roadmap emphasizes scalability and fee reduction. Layer 2 rollups (optimistic and ZK) move transactions off-chain, batching them to reduce per-user fees. Monitoring fee markets and L2 TVL helps gauge user adoption.

References:

• https://ethereum.org/
• https://arxiv.org/
• https://research.paradigm.xyz/